![]() ![]() In 1758, the Sikhs defeated the Afghan faujdar (military officer) Sa‘adat Khan Afridi, who fled from Jalandhar, followed with the defeat of Afghan army from all direction. Sikhs took the captured Afghan prisoners to Amritsar to clean the sacred pool in Amritsar that was desecrated by the Afghans. After witnessing the fall of Lahore, the Durrani commander-in-chief Jahan Khan and Timur Shah fled the city, and while trying to cross the Chenab and Ravi rivers, thousands of Afghan soldiers were drowned and much of the soldier's baggages abandoned. ![]() In November 1757, the Sikhs defeated the outnumbered Afghan army at Battle of Amritsar (also known as the Battle of Gohalwar), under the command of Timur Shah Durrani, son of Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Sikhs used guerilla warfare to try to oust the Afghans from Punjab. The Sikhs retook Lahore only to lose it to the Afghans by 12 April 1752. Thus, the first invasion of Shah proved a failure but it gave an opportunity to the Sikhs to organize themselves into Dal Khalsa, an army of Sikh Confederacy, at Amritsar in March 1748. Sikh bands under Charat Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Ala Singh continued to harass Durrani forces by depriving them of their booty as they retreated. Establishing a governor over Lahore, Ahmad marched his army east taking more territory, but was defeated at the Battle of Manupur by Mughals in alliance with Sikhs and fled back to Kandahar. On 12 January 1748, Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded and occupied Lahore, after the Mughal governor of Lahore, Shah Nawaz Khan, fled to Delhi. Sikhs consolidate central rule over the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent,Īhmad Shah Durrani (left) and Baba Deep Singh (right) Rise of the Sikh Empire, Sikhs achieve hegemony over the Punjab. ![]()
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